Class 10 social guide Lesson-3 Infrastructure of Development: Skilled Manpower-Human Resources and Employment Opportunity

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Lesson-3
Infrastructure of Development: Skilled Manpower-Human Resources and Employment Opportunity

Very Short Answer Questions

1.What do you mean by resource and means?

Ans: The way or method or instrument, by which a result is achieved is called means.

The natural, economic, political or human assets of a nation is called resource.

2.What are the types of resources? Write with examples.

Ans: The types of resources are:

(a) Natural Resource

The resource which are available in nature freely and which can be used for

economic gain is called Natural Resource. For eg: Minerals, forests, rivers, hills, etc.

(b) Human Resource

The people who are expert in doing certain task efficiently and contribute to the development of a country are called Human Resource. For eg: Teachers, doctors, engineers, pilots, etc.

3.Which profession do you want to adopt in future? Why? Give reasons.

Ans:I want to adopt agricultural profession in future because Nepal is an agricultural county. I want to carry out commercial agriculture to support the argo-based industry.

4.Skilled Human Resources is the foundation of prosperous Nepal, Why? (SEE,2072 AP)

Ans: Only the Skilled Human Resources can utilize the available means and resources properly. So, Human Resources is the foundation of prosperous Nepal.

5.Write any two measures to produce Skilled Human Resources.

Ans:The two measures to produce Skilled Human Resources are as follows:

•Providing youths technical and vocational education, and

•Giving opportunities to people according to need and interest.

Short Answer Questions

1.Highlight the importance of skilled manpower.

Ans:The person who is expert in doing certain task efficiently is called the skilled human resource. They are very important for the development of a country. Importance of

skilled human power are as follows:

>To utilize natural resource for development.

>For sustainable development of the country.

>To develop infrastructure of development.

>To expand economic and industrial activities.

>To give right direction to the development of country.

2.Why skilled manpower is considered an infrastructure of development? Give

reasons.

Ans:The base of development of a country is skilled manpower. There is no possibility of

development of country without skilled manpower. Skilled human power is considered as infrastructure of development because of following reasons:

»They contribute to develop agriculture, trade, industry, tourism, etc.

»They fulfill the human necessities.

»They help to guide the nation in right path.

»They utilize natural resources for human benefits.

»They contribute to construct the infrastructure like transport, communication, electricity, health, education and so on.

3.What are the measures to produce skilled manpower in the country?

Ans:Skilled manpower is very essential for prosperity of the country. In absence of it the country can't progress. There're several measures to produce skilled manpower in the

country. Some of the measures are as follows:

•Practical and quality education should be provided to all, Develop technical and vocational education system according to the need of the

country.

•Training opportunities should be given to the people as per their interest,

Updating the knowledge with developed information technology,

•Study, observation, research, etc should be done,

•Formulation and implementation of scientific education policy as per the demand of time.

4.Clarify the relationship between skilled resources and employment opportunity.

Ans:Skilled human resources are the people having knowledge, higher education, technical knowledge. There is interrelationship between skilled manpower and employment opportunities. The skilled manpower can get job easily compared to other manpower. They can generate self-employment based on their qualification, skill and knowledge. The people with knowledge need not to stay unemployed. If the people have no technical knowledge, education, etc they can take training and be skilled in certain job. The person having training doesn't lack the jobs. The person having no skill and education should face the challenge to get job. The people having knowledge and education can create self-employment. For example: doctors, nurse, H.A., lab technician can work in health sectors, engineers can get job in construction project, etc. So, there is close relationship between skilled manpower and employment.

5.Write an essay on the topic "Interrelationship between natural resource and human resource"

Ans: Interrelationship between natural resources and human resources Natural resources are gifted by the nature. They are rivers, lakes, forests, wildlife, Mt. peak, mineral, air, water, solar light, etc. Similarly, human resources are the people who are expert in doing certain task effectively and efficiently. They are skillful in several tasks. For the development of the country, there must be adjustment between human resources and natural resources. The development cannot be imagined without utilizing natural resources. Natural resources should be utilized for running development activities. For example: mineral is necessary for industrial products. medicinal herbs for preparing medicines, water resource for hydropower, etc. All above mentioned production is possible with the help of skilled manpower. To either run a large project or small project, there is a vital role of manpower.

Development of the country without natural resources is not possible and it is inevitable

to utilize natural resources for development. Natural resources should be utilized

continuously for development. Similarly, for the maximum or optimum utilization of

natural resources, sufficient production of skilled human power is necessary in the

country.

7."A skilled manpower can produce more manpower." Justify the statement with

example.

Ans: Skilled human powers are the persons who are expert in certain jobs due to higher education, training and technical knowledge, etc. A skilled manpower can train and educate other people and can make others too an expert in job. For eg: teachers can train and educate the students in several subjects. Similarly, a social worker can impress many other people and encourages the others to involve in social service. in the same manner, a trainer also trains in different subject and prepares expert manpower. So, there is no necessity of a large number of people to transform society. To transform the society, few capable and skillful people is enough. Because of inspiration, encouragement and support of few able and expert people, several people can become an expert too. Hence, a skilled manpower can produce more manpower.

8.Write a model of speech on a topic "Development of a country is not possible

without the production of skilled manpower".

Ans:

Respected Chairperson,

Chief guest, guests, Judges, teachers and dear friends.

I am thankful to the organizer for giving me a golden opportunity to deliver a speech on 'Development of a country is not possible without the production of the production of skilled manpower'. I request for permission to express my view.

Skilled manpower are those people who have gained skill, knowledge, training and experience in any field. To think about the development without human power is like to think of fish without water. Only availability of natural resource is not enough for development. It needs human power for development too. We need human power to construct any kind of development work in the country. We can take example of developed countries like Japan and China. They have made tremendous progress in few decades. The main cause of this is production and mobilization of enough required human resources. Those countries provided technical education and training to the youths and motivated for involvement in development work. The government gave priority on infrastructure of development. The citizens of those countries established industries and provided employment to the youths. Hundreds of youths got job. opportunities. Because of this, these countries are in the pinnacle of development.

(Bell rings)

At last, I want to say that skilled human power are the pillar of development. They are the source of development of a country. Hence, development of a country is not possible without the production of skilled manpower. Thank You.

 

9.What do you mean by means and resources? Are there enough means and resources available for the development of Nepal?

Ans:The basic requirement needed to develop the infrastructures is called the means and

resources. Land, rivers, minerals, forest, skilled manpower etc are few of the means and resources of a country.

There are enough means and resources available for the development of Nepal because:

>We have many rivers from which we can generate plenty of electricity and irrigate our land.

>Nepal is the country which is full of natural beauty such as Himalayas, fast flowing rivers, lakes, etc which can help to develop the tourism in Nepal.

>We have lots of fertile land which produces plenty of food and cash crops.

10.Differentiate between Natural and Human Resources in four points. (SLC-2070)

Ans:Natural resources and human resources are complementary to each other. The well co-ordination and adjustment of each other promotes the national development. Without these resources, the progress of the country is not possible. Following are the difference between natural resources and human resources:

11.The development of a country is not possible without skilled human power.

Nepal, at first, does not produce enough skilled human power that it needs. Whatever skilled human power it produces, are leaving for foreign countries. What are the reasons behind it. Discuss in groups and find the solutions to this problem.

Ans:The reasons for the skilled human power to migrate to foreign countries are as follows:

•There is no effective human resource plan and program for the proper use of existing

human resources of the country.

•Political instability and frequent change in policy have brought a big problem

to

mobilize national resources and creating job opportunities.

•There is lack of practical and job oriented education and similarly, there is no long term

vision for the sustainable development in our country.

•People want to be free from the problems created by low salary, career instability and

prejudice in the country. So, they are attracted towards the developed countries.

The solutions of these problem are as follows:

•More industries should be established in different parts of the country. For this, government should make encouraging policy and provision of providing loan at low

interest.

•Stable government having clear vision to utilize the existing human resources.

•Practical and job oriented education system should be provided.

•Promote strong feeling of nationality in the country by removing corruption prejudice

and uncertainty.

12.Despite Nepal being rich in natural heritage, there is no proper mobilization of these resources. How can such means and resources be properly used for

development of the country? Write any four measures.

Ans:Any four measures to utilize the natural resources are as follows:

a) We have plenty of water resources. Micro hydro-power projects can be operated mobilizing the local community. Similarly, private sector should be encouraged to invest in hydro-power.

b) Plenty of natural herbs are found in different areas. Our country can earn lots of foreign currencies by exporting it. For this government should make good arrangement of collecting it.

c) The natural diversity and beauty of our country can be used for the development of tourist destination and tourism.

d) Plenty of land are left barren or uncultivated in the village areas of Nepal. Such lands can be used to grow various types of cash crops, fruits and vegetables.

13.Nepalese skilled manpower are leaving for foreign countries. Write a letter to your friend stating he had better work in his own country learning skillful training instead of going on abroad. (SLC-2067, CDR)

Parbat

Jan. 10th, 2014

Dear Suman,

Last Sunday I got your letter. You have expressed your desire to go overseas to work and earn. But, I want to suggest you to stay in your own country doing the work of your choice. There is lack of human resources in our own country. There are several institutions to provide skillful training. You can take the training of your interest and run your own business or take a job here. Government of Nepal has established Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) to provide training on various sectors.

No country in the world has made progress by sending their citizens to overseas country. In fact, one gets due respect only when his own country is developed. But it is sad to say that our own country is still poor and underdeveloped. Those Nepalese who are working in other countries as Bahadur and Kanchhas are shedding their blood and sweat for the development of other countries. Therefore I suggest you to take the proper training and work in our own country. Yours,

Gokul

14.Write any four needs and importance of skilled human power.

Ans:

Skilled human power is needed for sustainable development of a country. The country should be able to produce enough, efficient and trained human power every year according to the need and requirement of the country. Skilled human power can be produced by providing technical, vocational and skill developing education. The need and importance of human power is as follows:

i) For sustainable development of a country.

ii) For better use and protection of natural resources,

iii) For the expansion of economic and industrial activities, and iv) To enhance the economic status of the nation by substituting foreign manpower and

foreign goods.

15 How can natural means and resources be properly utilized for national development? Write in four points.

Ans:

Natural resources and means are inseparable factors from human welfare and well being. Its proper utilization enhances the national development. If natural resources are utilized, country can make tremendous progress in social and economic field. The following ways can be fruitful to utilize natural resources and means:

i)Maintenance of political estability.

ii) Far sighted planning and effective implementation of it,

iii) Providing modern technical, vocational and practical education for the production of

skilled manpower, and

iv) Increasement and encouragement for people's participation for development.

16.Write any four efforts made by the government to prepare skilled human

resources?

Ans: Skilled manpower is key to national development. A country's success and failure

depends on the availability and the number of manpower. The government should give priority to prepare skilled human power. In the recent years, the government has made various efforts to prepare human power. The efforts made by the government are as follows:

i) Government has started to provide technical education, scientific education, etc from

the school level,

ii) The trend to establish training centres has been increased nowadays for practical education,

iii) The government has co-ordinated with NGOs, INGOs and developed countries for preparing skilled manpower, and

 iv) The government has made the policy of development of education facilities and services.

17.Analyse the role of skilled human resources in the economic development in

federalism.

Ans:Skilled human resources are the backbone of economic development. In federalism, different states have distinct types of natural resources and means. To utilize these resources and means, skilled human power is very important. The state would not be competitive with other state if there is absence of skilled human resources. The concept of balance and proportionate development in federalism will be materialized with the support of skilled human power. It is obvious that Nepal is a developing country. It has to develop social, economic, political, cultural, religious aspects after the implementation of federalism. As Nepal is divided into 7 provinces, there is an immediate need to carry out numbers of development works in each of the provinces. Every states has to prepare the required number of manpower for the development of respective states. For better development of the states, the skilled human power has to prepare farsighted plans and programmes; and the planning must be effectively implemented. Skilled human resources can make planning to utilize the available resources and means of the state properly. They carry out the development programmes without over using the resources in sustainable manner. Skilled human resources can teach or train the others and increase public participation in development. So, skilled human resources play vital role in the economic development in federalism.

18.Why is 'skilled human resources necessary for the development of a country?

Ans:The people who are experts in doing certain tasks efficiently and contribute to the development of a country are called skilled human resources. They have specific skill and knowledge in particular field. They can utilize the available resources for the development. Skilled human resources are necessary for the development because of following reasons:

i) For better use and protection of resources, 

ii) For qualitative and large scale production of goods and services,

iv) To expand economic and industrial activities,

v) For enhancing the economic status of the nation by substituting foreign manpower

and goods.

19.Mention the role of natural and human resources for the development of a

country. Explain in brief in four points.

Ans:Natural resources are the gift of nature whereas human resource for the development of a country are as follows:

a. Natural scene and scenary attract the foreigners that helps to earn foreign currency

which can be used for development.

b. Various raw materials are found in the nature which help to establish industries.

C. Human resources utilize the natural resources and means for development.

D.Human resources can focus on sustainable

development for both consumption and protection of nature and natural resources.

20.What is skilled human resource? What kind of skilled human resource does the man in the picture want? Differentiate between short term human resource and long term human resources. Write two points only.

Ans: A person who is expert in doing certain task efficiently is called the skilled human resource. Doctor, engineer, mechanic, carpenter, etc are some examples of skilled human resources. The skilled human resource wanted in the picture is computer

operator. Difference between long term human resource and short term human resources are

as follows:

21.Which occupation do you like to follow in future and why? Give as many reasons as possible.

Ans:I want to follow the business as my occupation in future because it is my family.

profession. Since many generations, this has been the main occupation in my family.

My nature and habit also matches for this occupation because I can not work under

the command of others. I cannot work for fixed salary. One can make good progress in his/her own business rather than working for others. I am good at mathematics and account. I am also good in different strategy of business. I am hard working and can work for long hours. I can not tell lie. I can not dance and play musical instruments. I do not like to waste time on unnecessary things like gambling, taking alcohol, etc. There are very limited opportunities available at present. If you have your own business, you should not move door to door to find the job.

I do not want to go to foreign country because I am confident that I can make progress in my own country doing my own business.

22."Developing countries should spend a large amount of money in the development of education." Do you agree? Give reasons.

Ans: Yes, I agree with this statement because education is the base of all infrastructures of development of a country. Education is knowledge and power. Education produces the skilled human resources who can utilize the resources of a country. Development of a country will be possible through the utilization of natural resources. No country in the world has made progress without the development of education. Science and technology should be developed to develop the country and it can be developed only through the education. Basic infrastructures of development like transport, communication, health, electricity, drinking water, etc can be developed only after the development of education. Industry, trade and commerce, technology, etc will be developed if there are plenty of educated human resources. Therefore, developing countries should spend a large amount of money in the development of education.

23.What sort of human resource does the following picture show? In what areas does the human resource shown in the picture help to develop the country?

Ans:The picture shows the skilled human resource of health

sector. This type of human resource helps to improve

the condition of health in the country. There is scarcity of

skilled human resources in health sector in our country.

Many people of rural areas are dying due to lack of health service in their areas.

There is lack of doctors, nurses, health workers and medicines in Nepal. This type

of human power helps to serve the people and save the life of many people. Health facility is very essential for the development of any country because health is one of the important infrastructures of development.

24.Write any four efforts made by the government to prepare the skilled man power. (SLC 2066, FWDR)

Ans: The four efforts made by the government to prepare the skilled man power are as

follows:

a)Government has established an institution called CTEVT (Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training) to provide short term and long term training to the people like hotel management, plumbing electrician, etc.

B)Job onented skilled training is being given to the women of rural areas like knitting

producing handicraft goods, mushroom production, etc

C)Government has been giving priority to technical education. For this, affiliation has

been given to many colleges to establish engineering, medical, nursing and other

technical colleges So, several medical, engineering and other technical institutions have been established throughout the country which are producing many skilled human power

D)The education programs on new subjects like Information Technology. Rural development Pilot training, etc has been started to produce the skilled human resource to fulfill the need of the country.

25.What are the roles that can be played by skilled human power for the development of a country?

                               Or

Write a paragraph on 'Skilled Human Power for Development.

Ans: Human power is considered as very important amongst the various essential

means and resources for the development like capital (money), materials, method. information, etc. Development scholars focus on the view that both means and goal of development should be human. Use of other resources without human power is almost impossible. Skilled human resources can:

Conduct economic activities, create employment opportunities and increase income of people by the scientific mobilization of available means and resources of the country. Develop and manage infrastructures of development like education, health, drinking water electricity, communication, etc by using their efficiency and skill. Formulate and implement the plan and policies for the sustainable and proportional development on the basis of empirical and scientific research. Uplift all sectors and bring positive change in the life of people of the nation by the

development and use of modern scientific tools and technology.

Carry out remarkable improvement in the fields of social development like education,

health, social equality, etc.

26.The government of Nepal has recently declared the "Social Security Fund" to all the employees. What do you know about it? Give your opinion about the total implementation of it. (PABSON Board Exam, 2075)

Ans: The government of Nepal launched contribution based security scheme on 11 Mangsir, 2075 It will prove to be a milestone in enhancing cardinal relationship between workers (government officers and private officers) and employers, as per stakeholders. As per the plan, private sector employees will have to mandatorily contribute 11 percent of their basic salary to the fund while employers have to contribute 20 percent of the employees' basic salary Once these contributions are made, employees will be entitled to compensation if they lose a job or cannot attend the workplace because of pregnancy, illness or accident or any other problems. Of the total fund collected SSF will allocate 3.22 percent for medical treatment, health and maternity security it will allot 0.78 percent for dependent family security and 91.39

percent of old age security in the name of pension Its success or failure depends on its implementation. If it is implemented properly about 3.5 million employees will be benefited Till now, I have not seen any sign of total implementation of the scheme. Many employees are unknown about it and the employers of private sectors are trying to ignore it. So, for the total implementation of this, the government should make strict regulation, and supervise each private business houses, school, colleges. The employees also should raise this issue to get their right to be secured. Otherwise, the scheme of government can't be implemented

too easily and quickly

27.Which profession would you like to carry out in the future? Why?

Ans:There is no doubt that I would like to be a teacher though it is not considered wes

paid profession in Nepal. But I don't think any profession can surpass the teaching

profession. The reasons why I like to follow teaching as a profession are as follows

>Teachers are considered as the guardians of the social civilization; I want to be a teacher so as to be a social forerunner,

>Following other professions is changing the self, but by being a teacher we can change the mass

>Today's students are the future pillar of the nation so it's a matter of immense pride to make intimate friendship and work together with the future stars.

>I want to contribute in the development of the nation by making students patriotic (Sweating in the native land rather than going to alien country.). 

Class 10 social guide 

Nepali

Niraj Pariyar